ȸŰ ûҳ ߴ
, Ǵ ûҳ ൿ ع ٺ ִ. ϴ ϴ ߴ ұ, ϴ ߴ װ̴. ΰ ڶ ڿ Ͼ ̴. ٺ Ȯ ľ ä 巯 ൿ ¢ ߴġ θԿԳ ڳԳ ʴ´. ϴ ?
Ѱܷ ڷ(迵)
ݿ ƴ ̰ , ô븦 dzߴ ǰ < >̶ ȭ ־. 1950 ̱ ûҳ , ϰ Ÿũ þҴ ӽ ȭ û ¡ϴ Ҹ Ǿ. ġŲ (ڵ Ÿ Ͽ ߴ ) ⼭ Դ.
ȭ ֵ ⡯ ϸ ٷ ̹ dz뵵 ñ⡯. ̰, Ӹ ̰, (θ ) ҷ ģ ڴ ٴѴ. Ҷġ 湮 ݾ . ' ϴ' Ƶ θ ĥ 븩̴. ϴ 츮 ְ ̷ . ü, ? б ΰ, ƴϸ ģ ΰ.
ȣ, üȭ ڰ
ٺ ȣ ȭ ִ. ߴ ̷ ü ο Ư ȣ кǰ, ȣ ۵ϱ ϸ鼭 μ ü ⡯ ̴. ⸦ ´ Ȯ ñ ٸ. ̸ ʵб ϱ ۵, б 2г ĥ ƿ μ ۵DZ Ѵ. ڿ ڰ ټ , κ 12 15 ̿ ù ȭ ް ȴ.
⸦ ϴ ȣ̶ 佺(testosterone)̴. 佺 ûҳ οԼ к Ư ûҳ 2 ¡ ū ģ. ΰ â ߴ ûҳ ü 佺 ġ 45質 . δ Ʈ(estradiol) ִ (Shirtscliff et al., 2009). Ʈ Ʈΰ(estrogen)̶ ̸ ˷ ִµ, Ư ûҳ 2 ¡ ߿ Ѵ.
ȣ ȭ ʰ ڰϴ ü ȭ ߿ϴ. ƺ Բ ߱ Ϸ ٰ ſ ð ̰, Ŀ Ű 鼭 ó ߱ Ǿٸ װ и ū ƴ . ⸦ Ǵϱ ؼ ȣ ġ ƴ϶ ɸ ü ȭ ˾ƾ Ѵ. ̿ ˻簡 1962 ó ³ (Tanner Stages, ü ߴ Ÿ ټ ܰ ְ ڽ ϴ ˻). ̹ۿ ϰ ŵϿ ǵ(PDS: Pubertal Developmental Scale) Ǻ(PBIP: Picture-Based Interview about Puberty) ˻ ִ. Ϲδ , ü ȣ ü ȭ ˻縦 Բ Ͽ ⸦ Ǵϰ ȴ.
ߴ Ư¡
ٸ ⸦ ûҳ ȭ ް ɱ? 佺 þ鼭 ûҳ ȸ(grey matter, ൿ ַ ϴ ϴ ֿ ) Բ þ. ûҳ Ʈΰ þ鼭 (limbic system, õ ൿ ְϴ ߰ſ ) ȸ þ. Ư ﰢ̰ óϴ ü(Amygdala) ߴ ε巯. 鵵 ü Ͽ ó Ȱ¦ Ǿ ̴. ȣ ϴ ߴ ٿ Ȱ ϴ ʼ Ѵ (Blakemore et al., 2010).
ûҳ ߴ 踦 Ÿ . ο (Prefrontal cortex) ϸϰ ߴϴ ݸ, (Subcortical cortex) ߴ ӵ ̷ ִ. ȸ ǥõ ߴ ൿ ϴ ȴ. (Somerville et al., 2010) ѹ ߴ ʴ´. , ߰ſ ϴ (subcortical regions) ξ ߴϴ ݸ, ߰ſ Ͼ ϴ ϴ ο (Prefrontal regions) õõ ߴѴ (Sommerville, 2010). ̷ ߴ ұ̾߸ ûҳ ൿ ġ ߿ ̴.
ʹݺ ߴϴ μ ð ִ. ð ڱؿ ΰ鼭 ڿ ڽŰ Ÿ ܸ ξ Ű ȴ. ȭ̸ ٿ ̷ ߴ ڿ Ÿ ִ ̴.
¿ ǥ ϴ ߾(FFA, Fusiform Face Area) ߴϿ ٸ ϰ ְ ȴ. ̵ г, , ǥ ְ ϰ, 3 ڿ ̵ ݺϿ. ̶ ûҳ ü û(Thalamus, پ ѵ óϴ ߰ Ѵ) ð ū Ȱȭߴ (Moore et al., 2012). ǥ̴ ̿ ûҳ ġ ȴ.
üó ϴ ۰ Ҿ ӵ ߴѴ. ַ ̳ ҾȰ, ڱ Ŀ. ״ dz뵵 ñ ̴. ̱ ûҳൿ(YRBS: Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance, ûҳ Ż ൿ , ߵб ų ȴ) 4 1 ϴ ̱ ûҳ 1 2 ̻, ϻ Ȱ ﰨ ۽δٰ Ѵ (Eaton et al., 2008). ŭ̳ ݷϴ. θ ûҳ ڳడ ȭ ų Ͷ߸ ɽ ִ dz̴.
, 游
ñ Ư ָؾ ִ. ٷ (Reward-Related Process Network). Ư ϴ (NAcc, Nucleus Accumbens) ִ. ִ (, ִ , Ī ) Ѵ.
̿ ˾ƺ , ڳڴ Ǵ ̿ ûҳ, , ̷ ǽߴ. ڱġ(fMRI) ȿ տ ٸ ȭ Ȥ Ÿٰ , ̾ ڰ ߴ. Ÿ ڸ . ڵ , õǾ ־. ִ Ÿ ߸ ū ־. Ȯ , ûҳ ٸ 쿡 Ȱȭߴ. Դٰ ǹ̿ ߴµ, ū ִ ǰ ū Ȱȭ ־ (Galvan et al., 2006). ȿ ûҳ 쿡 ũ Ÿ. ־ Ŭ ȿ Ŀ.
ȸ ٸ? 游 ñ̴ϸŭ ı û. â dz Ī λ ٲҴٴ ̴ ѹ . ϸ ϰ Ʈ ڻϴ ǵ Ͼ. , 쿡 Ѿ鼭 (Ventrial striatum, ٰ Ҿ ϴ ֿ ) ų ǥ ϴ ũ þ. Ư ǥ ϴ ü ʰ Ǵ (Pfeifer, 2011). Ͽ ȸ ߿ ̽ , ̴ 20 ߹ݱ ӵǴ ȸȭ ٽ Ѵ.
Ƿ ǿ ſ
̷ ȸ ǥ Ƿ ̴. Ƿ Ѻٴ ϳ ̰ ñⰡ ûҳ. Բ ģ ٸ ϰ Ÿũ ̴. , Ƿ ൿ(Risk-Taking Behavior) ġ ִ ڱ ϳ ִ (Chein et al., 2010).
ûҳ ʳ, 쿡 ڵ ϰ Ͽ(Ʒ ). ü Ŀ. ַθ ߿ ȣ ϴµ, ߸ 3ʰ ʾ. ȣ ϰ ĥ ִµ, ̶ ϸ 3 ð Ͽ 浹ϸ 6ʰ ʾ Դ. ݺǾµ, ȥڼ, ٸ Ƿ Ѻ Ǿ. Ƿ ߰߰ ڿ ȭ ־. Ƿ Ѻ Ʒ ûҳ ȣ ϰ ġ 찡 20ۼƮ þ, ڿ 浹ϴ Ƚ 3.5ȸ 5.5ȸ ũ þ. ϴ ̿ ̰ ε巯.
迡 ڵ . 6 ַθ ִ 8 20 ȣ Ǵµ, ⼭ ϰ ĥ ϰ ȴ. ϸ 3ʰ ʾ, ׳ ġ 3ʸ Ȯ 浹 Ͼ 6ʰ ʾ ȴ. (Chein et al., 2010)
̷ , Ȥڴ ûҳ ſ Ǵ ɷ ٰ . ϱ? ߴ ̹ 11 12 Ѿ ϼȴٴ ϸ, ûҳ 縮Ǵ . ٸ ߴ ſ, Ǵ ߰ſ ﰢ з ġ ̴. 迡, Ѻ Ƿ ûҳ ȣ ׳ ġ ʳ , ߴ. , ûҳ ൿ ߴ ξ ߿ϰ ȸ ɷ ־ ̾.
ȸȭ ƿ ģ ȸγ ū ǹ̴. д ̶ . ƹ ̸ ڽ ξ ߰б ģ ݰ ʴ. ִ ݱ ̼Ҹ ӱݰ Ǵ, â Ҵ ߾ ƴϴ. ñ⸦ ûҳ. Բ Ƿ ü Ǹ ̴. ùٷ ϴ Ѵٸ, ϸ ӵǴ ȸȭ ùٸ ̷ ̴.
밨 Ŭ ൿ پ
, Ǵ ûҳ ൿ ع ٺ ִ. ϴ ϴ ߴ ұ, ϴ ߴ װ̴. ΰ ڶ ڿ Ͼ ̴. ٺ Ȯ ľ ä 巯 ൿ ¢ ߴġ θԿԳ ڳԳ ʴ´.
Ż ൿ Ī . . ٸ ϴ ? п̸ ܸ , ٸ ð ʰų ӹ Ͱ Ϲ̰ ܿ ٸ ?
, ִ ʸ . ѱ ʰ ġ ߽ϴ ȯ濡 ڶ ƾƸī ûҳ , 밨 Ŭ ൿ (Telzer, 2013). ϴ ȸ Ͽ ൿ ſ ȸģȭ ൿ(prosocial behavior) ̲ ̴. ⸸ ´ٸ, ȸ ϴ ûҳ Ư ǰ Ѵ. ڱ ġ ȿ Ǯ ʹ ͵ ̳ ƴ ûҳ ̾ (Englmann et al. 2012). ۿ , ùٸ , ûҳ Ⲩ Ͽ.
ûҳ ⸦ ڶ ֵ ̵尡 ʿ ̴. ̵带 ߿ . ﴩ ͵, ϴ ͵, . ϴ μ ߴȸŰ ֽ ƺҴ. ̷ װ ϴٰ ء 롯̶ ܾ ü ִٸ ̴.
Blakemore, S. J., Burnett, S., & Dahl, R. E. (2010). The role of puberty in the developing adolescent brain. Human brain mapping 31(6), 926-933.
Chein, J., Albert, D., OBrien, L., Uckert, K., & Steinberg, L. (2011). Peers increase adolescent risk taking by enhancing activity in the brains reward circuitry. Developmental science 14(2), F1-F10.
Eaton, D. K., Kann, L., Kinchen, S., Shanklin, S., Ross, J., Hawkins, J., ... & Wechsler, H. (2008).Youth risk behavior surveillance--United States, 2007.Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Surveillance summaries (Washington, DC: 2002), 57(4), 1-131.
Engelmann, J. B., Moore, S., Capra, C. M., & Berns, G. S. (2012). Differential neurobiological effects of expert advice on risky choice in adolescents and adults. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 7(5), 557-567.
Galvan, A., Hare, T. A., Parra, C. E., Penn, J., Voss, H., Glover, G., & Casey, B. J. (2006). Earlier development of the accumbens relative to orbitofrontal cortex might underlie risk-taking behavior in adolescents. The Journal of Neuroscience 26(25), 6885-6892.
Moore, W. E., Pfeifer, J. H., Masten, C. L., Mazziotta, J. C., Iacoboni, M., & Dapretto, M. (2012). Facing puberty: associations between pubertal development and neural responses to affective facial displays. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience 7(1), 35-43.
Pfeifer, J. H., Masten, C. L., Moore III, W. E., Oswald, T. M., Mazziotta, J. C., Iacoboni, M., & Dapretto, M. (2011). Entering adolescence: resistance to peer influence, risky behavior, and neural changes in emotion reactivity. Neuron 69(5), 1029-1036.
Shirtcliff, E. A., Dahl, R. E., & Pollak, S. D. (2009). Pubertal development: correspondence between hormonal and physical development. Child development 80(2), 327-337.
Somerville, L. H., Jones, R. M., & Casey, B. J. (2010). A time of change: Behavioral and neural correlates of adolescent sensitivity to appetitive and aversive environmental cues. Brain and cognition 72(1), 124-133.
輭 ̱ ϸ̴ ڻ
@Ѱܷ ̾